The signs and symptoms are the same as those for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. ? Management. At the time of diagnosis, the clinician should attempt to determine which type of diabetes … www.yourdiabetesinfo.org August 2008 1 A Fact Sheet from the National Diabetes Education Program Type 1 diabetes in U.S. children and adolescents may be increasing[1] and many more new cases of type 2 diabetes are being reported in young people. Standards of care for managing children with diabetes issued by the American Diabetes Association in …

Type 2 Diabetes The first stage in the development of type 2 diabetes is often insulin resistance, requiring increasing amounts of insulin to be produced by the pancreas to control blood glucose levels. Initially, the pancreas responds by producing more insulin, but after several years, insulin production may decrease and diabetes develops. Type 2 diabetes used to occur mainly in adults who were overweight and older than 40 years. Now, as more children and adolescents in the United States become overweight, obese and inactive, type 2 diabetes is occurring more often in young people. Type 2 diabetes is more common in certain racial and ethnic groups such as African Americans, American Indians, Hispanic/Latino Americans, and some Asian and Pacific Islander Americans. The increased incidence of type 2 diabetes in youth is a ?first consequence? of the obesity epidemic among young people, and is a significant and growing public health problem. [2] Overweight and obese children are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes during childhood, adolescence, and later in life. ? Symptoms. Type 2 diabetes usually develops slowly and insidiously in children. Symptoms may be similar to those of type 1 diabetes. A child or teen can feel very tired, thirsty, or nauseated and have to urinate often. Other symptoms may include weight loss, blurred vision, frequent infections, and slow healing of wounds or sores. Some children or adolescents with type 2 diabetes may show no symptoms at all when they are diagnosed, and others may present with vaginal yeast infection or burning on urination due to yeast infection. Some children may have extreme elevation of the blood glucose level associated with severe dehydration and coma. Therefore, it is important for health care providers to identify and test children or teens who are at high risk for the disease. ? Signs of Diabetes. Physical signs of insulin resistance include acanthosis nigricans, where the skin around the neck or in the armpits appears dark and thick, and feels velvety. High blood pressure and dyslipidemia also are associated with insulin resistance. Girls can have polycystic ovary syndrome with infrequent or absent periods, and excess hair and acne. ? Risk Factors. Being overweight, having a family member who has type 2 diabetes, being a member of a high risk racial or ethnic group, having signs of insulin resistance, being older than 10 years of age, and experiencing puberty are risk factors for the disease.

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