Overview of Biogas Technology
Chapter 1 Overview of Biogas Technology Contents: 1-1. What are the Components of a Biogas System? 1-1.1 Manure Collection … … 1 1-1.2 Digester Types ….. 2 1-1.3 Effluent Storage….. 3 1-1.4 Gas Handling ….. 4 1-1.5 Gas Use …..
This chapter provides an overview of biogas technology and opportunities to use this technology in livestock facilities across the United States. First, a brief description of biogas technology is provided. Then the benefits of biogas technology are dis cussed. Finally, the experience and status of biogas technology development in the United States are described. 1-1. What are the Components of a Biogas System? Biogas technology is a manure management tool that promotes the recovery and use of biogas as energy by adapting manure management practices to collect biogas. The biogas can be used as a fuel source to generate electricity for on-farm use or for sale to the electrical grid, or for heating or cooling needs. The biologically stabilized byproducts of anaerobic digestion can be used in a number of ways, depending on local needs and resources. Successful byproduct applications include use as a crop fertilizer, bedding, and as aquaculture supplements. A typical biogas system consists of the following components: —* Manure collection —* Anaerobic digester —* Effluent storage —* Gas handling —* Gas use. Each of these components is discussed briefly. 1-1.1 Manure Collection Livestock facilities use manure management systems to collect and store manure because of sanitary, environmental, and farm operational considerations. Manure is collected and stored as either liquids, slurries, semi-solids, or solids. —* Raw Manure. Manure is excreted with a solids content of 8 to 25 percent, depending upon animal type. It can be diluted by various process waters or thickened by air drying or by adding bedding materials. —* Liquid Manure. Manure handled as a liquid has been diluted to a solids content of less than 5 percent. This manure is typically “flushed” from where it is excreted, using fresh or recycled water. The manure and flush water can be pumped to treatment and storage tanks, ponds, lagoons, or other suitable structures before land application. Liquid manure systems may be adapted for biogas production and energy re covery in “warm” climates. In colder climates, biogas recovery can be used, but is usually limited to gas flaring for odor control.
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